today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
ceremony; matter; affair; with regard to; as for
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
hall; saloon; spacious room; reception room
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to gather; to collect; to assemble
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
quiet; silent; slow; unhurried; calm; peaceful
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to watch over; to watch attentively
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
weak; feeble; delicate; frail; helpless
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
demon; devil; evil spirit; monster; goblin; apparition
opposition; rivalry; competition; antagonism
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
to grant; to give; to confer; to teach; to instruct; to impart (knowledge)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
strengthening; intensifying; reinforcement; enhancement; solidification
at the same time as; while; as well as (multiple roles)
various; varied; diverse; all sorts of
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
to reach the point that; to come to be that; to turn into
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
swordsman; swordswoman; fencer
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
teacher; master; religious leader; specialist; (arch.) five-battalion brigade comprising 2500 men (Zhou-dynasty Chinese army)