indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
east and west; Orient and Occident; East and West; ladies and gentlemen!; your attention, please!
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to go through; to pierce; to run through (e.g. a river through a city); to pass through; to stick to (opinion, principles, etc.); to carry out
law; act; method; mood; dharma; law
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
highway (esp. one existing from the Edo period); main road; highway (e.g. to success); path (to becoming ...); subdistrict (in China)
to advance (spatially); to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to move ahead (e.g. of work); to intensify
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
by extension; in turn; by the same token; in addition; as well; consequently
continent; continental Asia (esp. mainland China); continental Europe
aorta; important traffic route
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
many; much; majority (of); greater part (of); mostly; mainly
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to be crowded with people; to be bustling with; to prosper; to flourish; to do thriving business
coach (horse-drawn); carriage; wagon; cart
continuous; continual; unceasing; incessant; without interruption
to come and go; to go back and forth
expressly; especially; specially; intentionally; deliberately; on purpose
to face; to go towards; to head towards
which; where; all; both; anyway; anyhow
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
to place on (something); to give (someone) a ride; to give a lift; to load (luggage); to carry; to send out (on the airwaves, etc.); to deceive
to receive; to take; to get someone to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
purposely (of something needless, unexpected or seemingly counterproductive, etc.); daringly (doing something); not necessarily; not particularly; (arch.) definitely not
myself; yourself; I; me; you
foot; paw; leg; gait; pace; lower radical of a kanji; means of transportation
Onigashima; island of ogres (in Japanese folklore)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
same; identical; equal; anyway; in any case; if one must ...