vast; extensive; immense; huge; large; grand
grassy field; grassland; meadow; grass-covered plain; savannah; prairie
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
isolated; standing alone; falling in drops (e.g. rain); saying a single word; muttering just a few words
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
tourist bus; sightseeing bus
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
excursion; field trip; school trip
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
pupil; student; schoolchild
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
standing facing each other (e.g. mountains, buildings); standing opposite each other; confrontation; squaring off against (adversaries, armies, forces); standing off against
to calm down; to compose oneself; to calm down; to settle down; to settle down (in a location, job, etc.); to settle in; to be settled
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
ago; since; before; previous
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
behaving outrageously as though there were no one around; acting without consideration for others; arrogance; audacity; insolence
state; state of affairs; appearance; look; sign; indication
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
quiet; silent; slow; unhurried; calm; peaceful
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
class teacher; homeroom teacher; form teacher
to stand up; to get up; to rise; to recover; to take action; to start; to make the initial charge
to lash out at; to flare up at; to fly at; to turn on
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to have a cramp; to twitch; to stiffen (of a face, expression); to freeze; to shrink (of skin, due to a scar); to tauten
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)