indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
name; given name; first name
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
... years old; age (of) ...
one's origin (e.g. city, country, parentage, school)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
remote region; outlying district; border district; frontier
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
now; the present time; just now; another; more
the five elements (in Japanese philosophy: earth, water, fire, wind and void); five great wisdom kings
town; city; municipal; urban
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
to live (of humans); to reside; to inhabit; to dwell; to abide
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
(medical) treatment; care; therapy; cure; remedy
teacher; master; religious leader; specialist; five-battalion brigade comprising 2500 men (Zhou dynasty Chinese army)
staff member; employee; worker; personnel
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
to work; to labor; to function; to operate; to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate
means of making contact; intermediary; go-between; connections; influence; pull
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
why; how; for what reason
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
when it comes to ...; if one were to speak of ...; by ... you mean ...; when you say ... you mean that ...; whenever ...; if it's ... then (without fail)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
revelation; manifestation; appearance; expression (e.g. in molecular biology; protein expression or gene expression)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality