indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
first; foremost; most important; best; greatest; above all
class; level; stratum; layer; hierarchy
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to exceed; to surpass; to be more (than)
dead body; corpse; cadaver; carcass
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to roll; to tumble; to fall over; to roll over; to lie down; to be scattered about; to be lying around
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
only; merely; but; no more than
body; physique; shape; form; substance; identity; field
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
alone; by oneself; on one's own
to keep company; to listen to; to associate with; to play against (e.g. a team); to take on (e.g. a rival)
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
to swing; to wield (physically); to exercise (e.g. power, ability); to exhibit; to flourish; to prosper
short sword; dagger; stiletto; hour hand (of a clock)
point (of a sword, etc.); pointed verbal attack
to cut off; to cut up; to tear to pieces
blood; blood; ancestry; (the) blood; feelings
to spout out; to spurt out; to sprout; to bud; to burst into laughter; to blow (smoke, etc.)
while; during; while; although; all; both
to fall (over, down); to collapse; to be destroyed (in a collapse); to collapse; to be confined to bed (with an illness); to come down with; to die
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
backward glance; sidelong glance; faceless ghost with an eye in its rump
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to rush on; to attack; to swoop down on
slow; time-consuming; late (in the day); towards the end (of the day or night); later (than expected or usual); late
cooperation; coordination; link
attack; assault; raid; criticism; censure; denunciation
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
popular use; circulation; to pass as; to pass for
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
more or less; though not quite satisfactorily; tentatively; for the time being; just in case; once
history of; experience of
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do