to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
(art of) fencing; swordsmanship
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
I, myself; one-self; by one-self; even I; even one
miserable; pitiable; shameful; deplorable; pathetic
I see; that's right; indeed
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
day after day; day by day
sword (esp. a large, double-edged one); blade; bayonet; swordsmanship; stinger; ovipositor
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to wave; to shake; to sprinkle; to throw (dice); to cast (actor); to allocate (work); to turn down (somebody)
in comparison to; rather than
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
time; hour; period; class
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
intently; single-mindedly; devotedly; solely; earnestly; with all one's heart
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
effort; exertion; endeavour; endeavor; hard work; striving
always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
in that way; thus; so; so?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
female help; female labor; woman's handwriting; (arch.) hiragana
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to raise; to rear; to train; to teach; to promote the growth of; to nurture
father; dad; papa; pa; pop; daddy
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop