hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
fine weather; fair weather
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to look up at; to raise one's eyes; to look up to; to admire; to respect
while; during; while; although; all; both
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
few; a little; scarce; insufficient; seldom
but then; although; though; reasonable; natural; just
street; quarter; district; area
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
end (e.g. of street); tip; beginning; start; odds and ends; scrap
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
originally; by nature; from the start
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding
daytime; during the day; Japan and China
if it is the case that ...
some; any; in any way; of some kind; of some sort
to go by; to go past; to run (between; of a rail service, bus route, etc.); to operate (between); to go indoors; to go into a room; to penetrate
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
patrolling; one's rounds; inspection tour; watchman; patrolman
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)