indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see someone off (at a station, an airport, etc.); to escort (e.g. home); to follow something with one's eyes until it is out of sight; to let pass; to pass up (an opportunity etc.); to shelve (a plan, deliberation on a bill, etc.); to postpone
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
opposite side; other side; over there; that way; the other party; the other person
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
various; all sorts of; variety of; (arch.) various colors (colours)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
busy; occupied; hectic; restless; hurried; fidgety
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
after all; in the end; conclusion; end; end of a game of go, shogi, etc.
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
state of affairs (around you); situation; circumstances
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
cumulonimbus; gigantic columns of clouds (in summer); thunderhead
to spread (out); to extend; to stretch; to reach to; to get around; to fill (e.g. a space)
thanks; gratitude; manners; etiquette; bow; reward; gift
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to get dressed up; to treat oneself
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
if it is the case that ...
garden; yard; courtyard; field (of action); area
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
spatula; (artificially cultured) Japanese crucian carp
arbor; arbour; suffix forming the final part of the pseudonyms of some writers and performers; suffix forming the final part of the name of a restaurant
dining room; dining hall; cafeteria; restaurant; eatery; snack bar
wherein; therein; thereinto
particularly; only; in the case of