if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
expression; presentation; representation; notation
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
right; correct; proper; righteous; just
under (guidance, supervision, rules, the law, etc.); under (a flag, the sun, etc.); beneath; with (e.g. one blow); on (the promise, condition, assumption, etc. that ...); (somebody's) side
center; centre; middle; -centered; -centred; -focused
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
stage (theatre, theater); scene or setting (e.g. of novel, play, etc.)
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
near; close; close (in time); soon; close (relationship); friendly
the number of people; many people; a large number of people; (counted as an) adult
to collect; to assemble; to gather
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
in spite of; nevertheless; although; despite; no matter the; regardless of
all members; all hands; everyone; everybody; whole crew
freely; at liberty; at will; as one likes
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
surplus; margin; leeway; composure; placidity; complacency
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
how long; how much; to what extent
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
understanding; comprehension; appreciation; sympathy
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
difficult; hard; impossible; unfeasible; fussy; particular; gloomy
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
preliminary contest; qualifying round; trial; heat; primary
blocking (e.g. the way); obstructing; block (lump of something (usu. square), area of town, etc.); block; physical record (e.g. on magnetic tape); concrete block; blocking (from view, esp. of websites, on social media, etc.)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
mutually; with each other; reciprocally; together; both
check; keeping in check; containment (of enemy forces); diversionary action; pickoff throw; holding a runner on base
to come together; to merge; to fit; to match; to be profitable; to be equitable
while; during; while; although; all; both
beginning of the game; kickoff; face-off
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to provide; to furnish; to equip; to install