once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
fullness; completion; enhancement; improvement; replenishment; repletion
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
don't you think?; indicates question
capture (of enemy territory); taking (by storm); defeating (an opponent); attacking (a problem) strategically
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
reaction; recoil; kick; backlash
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
thought; imagination; mind; desire; wish; love
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
everyday; daily; ordinary; usual; routine; regular
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
than; from; out of; except; but; more
to colour; to color; to apply make-up; to decorate; to garnish
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to be evident; to be obvious; to understand completely
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
older sister; elder sister; young lady; miss; ma'am
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to ferry across (e.g. a river); to carry across; to lay across; to build across; to hand over; to hand in
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
cotton plant (Gossypium spp.); batting; wadding; padding
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
educational institution; school; academy; campus
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
public square; square; plaza; open space; clearing
in comparison to; rather than