indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
speaking of ...; when it comes to ...; as for ...; if one were to say ...
mostly; ordinarily; probably; most; almost all; ordinary
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
very much; very many; more and more
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
tension; mental strain; nervousness
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
anxiety; uneasiness; worry; apprehension; fear; insecurity
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to feel around for; to fumble for; to investigate; to probe into; to explore (parts unknown); to enjoy (natural beauty)
action; conduct; behaviour; behavior; mobilization; mobilisation
memory; recollection; remembrance; storage
of course; certainly; naturally
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
quiet; silent; slow; unhurried; calm; peaceful
tranquil; calm; restful; peaceful; quiet