pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
busy; occupied; hectic; restless; hurried; fidgety
time; season; period; phase; stage
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
Island; insula; island; islet
house; home; one's house; one's home; one's husband
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
moving (dwelling, office, etc.); changing residence
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
confession; acknowledgement; confession of love; professing one's feelings; confession of sins (e.g. the confessional)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to live; to get along; to spend (time)
to decide to; to pretend that; to make a practice of doing; to make it a rule to
pretty; lovely; clean; clear; completely; entirely
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
island; one's territory (e.g. of a sex worker, organized crime gang); one's turf
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
four; four years of age; ten o'clock (old time system); Burakumin; cross grips
town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
dweller; inhabitant; resident; user (of a website)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
with the exception of; excepting; excluding
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
party (gathering, celebration, etc.); party (group, political, etc.)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")