pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
the five continents; Asia, Africa, Europe, America and Australia; Asia, Africa, Europe, North America and South America
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
support; backing; aid; assistance
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
appeal; call for something; request; axiom
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
(university) president; chancellor; principal; provost
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to be lost (e.g. luggage); to be missing; to be used up; to be run out; to disappear (e.g. pain); to be lost (e.g. a dream, confidence)
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
centre; center; middle; capital; seat of government
continent; continental Asia (esp. mainland China); continental Europe
now; the present time; just now; another; more
exactly; surely; right then; just then; just (about to); on the verge (of doing or happening)
restoration; rehabilitation; recovery; recovery (from an illness); recuperation; convalescence
role; assignment; position (of responsibility); post; part (in a play, film, etc.); role
to carry on one's shoulder; to shoulder; to bear; to bear (burden, responsibility, etc.); to take upon oneself
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
force; unit; corps; squad; troops; party
to disappear (of people or animals); to go (away); to leave; to no longer exist
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
10,000; ten thousand; myriad; everything; all; (arch.) various
military forces; hosts; troops
to attack; to assault; to assail
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to stare at; to gaze at; to look hard at; to watch intently; to fix one's eyes on
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
confirmation; verification; validation; review; check; affirmation
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
hero; the brave; man of valour (valor)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
to face; to go towards; to head towards