up to now; so far; traditional; conventional; usual
ground-breaking; revolutionary; unprecedented; epoch-making
to devote oneself; to do one thing exclusively; to make a job of; to decide to
fate; destiny; connection; tie; pretext; justification
Jōmon period (ca. 14000-1000 BCE)
Yayoi period (ca. 300 BCE-300 CE)
fossil; petrifaction; petrification; fossilization
Asuka period (550-710 CE)
successive generations; successive emperors
to get out of bed; to show a leg
oral instruction; passing information by word-of-mouth; oral tradition
to stop talking; to be silent
abundant (grain) crop; good harvest
barbarian tribe; savage tribe
rejection; expulsion; boycott; ostracism
consumer; ordinary citizen; stakeholder; person who lives on (e.g. situation, income, place)
friction; discord; strife
source of amusement; plaything
to become clear; to be made public
lukewarm; tepid; half-hearted; vague; lenient; mild
disposition; temperament; nature; mentality; spirit; character
to part (from); to part company (with); to split (with); to break off relations (with)
consistency; coherence; one kan (approx. 3.75 kg); one piece of sushi
to look away (from); to avert one's gaze; to disregard; to ignore; to escape (from); to turn away (from)
advanced; developed; seniority; senior; superior
unpleasant; disagreeable; displeasing; uncomfortable; unhappy
evolutionary theory; theory of evolution
beating someone up by ganging up on them; facing a barrage of criticism
reckless remark; rash remark; thoughtless words; falsehood
idle gossip; foolish talk; yarn
contradiction; inconsistency
of no use whatsoever; good for nothing; useless
end; tip; extremities; rank and file; part of an organisation furthest from the centre
to exude (e.g. sweat); to ooze; to seep out; to reveal itself (of emotions, etc.)
difficult to understand; difficult to grasp; confusing; puzzling
to have sex; to have a physical relationship
pleasure; delight; enjoyment; rapid (train)
perhaps; maybe; by some chance
constitution (physical); physical make-up; predisposition (to disease); character (of a group, organization, etc.); innate characteristics; make-up