indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
Saturday; earth; dirt; land; lands; earth (third of the five elements)
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
practice; training; drill; (an) exercise; workout
second day of the month; two days
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
complaint; troubles; objection; grievance
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to ascend; to go up; to ascend (as a natural process, e.g. the Sun); to rise; to go to (the capital); to be promoted; to add up to
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
to be (in contrast to something that is not the case)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
after all; in the end; anyway; (cannot) possibly; (not) at all; (not) by any means
waste of time; killing time
go that far; to that extent
to do for (someone); to take in; to deceive; to hoodwink
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
cold (e.g. weather); uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
lonely; lonesome; solitary; desolate
knee; lap; knee and thigh (while sitting)
to hold in one's arms; to carry in one's arms; to have (problems, debts, etc.); to take on (a responsibility); to employ; to have (on one's staff)
while; during; while; although; all; both
to talk back; to answer back; to retort; to say over; to repeat (what one has said)
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
hug; carrying in one's arms (a baby, pet, doll, etc.)
to put on (one's head); to wear; to be covered with (dust, snow, etc.); to pour (water, etc.) on oneself; to bear (e.g. someone's debts, faults, etc.); to take (blame); to overlap (e.g. sound or color)