to wake up; to sober up; to come to one's senses; to become enlightened
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
large tree; big tree; huge tree
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to fill to capacity; to pack; to complete; to tessellate
crowding together; clustering together; close formation; swarm
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
magnificent; grand; fair; square; grandly; boldly
(those) who are; (that) which is; in the capacity of
brightness; brilliance; brilliancy; radiance; glitter
to fire (gun, arrow, questions, etc.); to shoot; to set free; to release; to emit (e.g. light); to give off (e.g. a scent)
at the same time as; while; as well as (multiple roles)
to reach; to touch; to be delivered; to arrive; to be attentive; to be scrupulous
shadow; silhouette; reflection; image; ominous sign; light (stars, moon)
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
dark side (of nature, town, etc.)
lattice; latticework; window bars; grid; grating
pattern; figure; state; condition; conjecture of the current situation; the way it seems; model
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
black sheep (of a family); ostracism
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
(not) anywhere; nowhere; everywhere; anywhere
to be tied together; to be connected to; to lead to; to be related to; to be related (by blood)
blind alley; cul-de-sac; dead end street; deadlock; impasse; dead end
huff!; yo-heave-ho!; heigh-ho; to butter up; to suck up to
inexpert or untrained eyes
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as