indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
unconsciousness; unconscious; involuntary; the unconscious (psychoanalysis)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
Zhou dynasty (China, approx. 1046-256 BCE); Chou dynasty; perimeter; counter for laps or circuits
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
deplorable; regrettable; disappointing; vexing; unfortunate
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to stay at (e.g. hotel); to be docked; to be berthed; to be moored
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
to cause; to induce; to bring about; to pull upright; to help up (e.g. a fallen person)
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
embarrassing; embarrassed; ashamed; disgraceful; shameful
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
as one would expect; naturally; indeed; still; all the same; after all
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
meddling; interfering; choosing to keep the drawn tile and discarding a different one
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
consciousness; becoming aware (of); awareness; mano-vijnana (mental consciousness, cognizer of sensory information)
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)