continent; continental Asia (esp. mainland China); continental Europe
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
bell (often a large hanging bell); chime
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
ago; since; before; previous
than; from; out of; except; but; more
smelling burnt; smelling scorched; smelling of gunpowder (i.e. as if armed conflict is about to break out); tense; suspicious; dubious
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
early summer; fourth month of the lunar calendar
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
to make a decision; to draw a conclusion; to give a judgement; to hand down a verdict; to let go down; to lower; to do oneself
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
territory (of country, feudal domain, etc.); (arch.) counter for suits of clothing, sets of armor, etc.
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
name; given name; first name
coming out; going out; attending (work); appearing (on stage); start; beginning; origins
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
remote region; frontier (district); border(land)
count; earl; chief official of the Department of Worship; (arch.) eldest brother; Brazil; Brazilian
to govern; to manage; to subdue
to adjoin each other; to sit side by side
territory; dominion; grounds (e.g. school)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
god king; god-king; guardian deity
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
director of a district (ritsuryo system)
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to be a match for; to rival; to equal; to compare with; to be equivalent to
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of