brightness; splendour; splendor
serious; not joking; straight
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
summons; summonsing; citation; subpoena; arraigning; calling
past; after; too (much); over- (e.g. eating)
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be at wits' end; to be greatly perplexed; to be troubled
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
moreover; furthermore; nevertheless; and yet
tackle (e.g. rugby); fishing tackle
to force someone to clamp with their teeth; to force into someone's mouth (e.g. a gag); to wedge into a space; to inflict (a blow); to deal (a hit); to pull (a joke)
to force (someone) to take part; to take along unwillingly
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
hero; the brave; man of valour (valor)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
incidentally; taking the opportunity; while (you) are at it; on the occasion
admiration; being impressed; admirable; praiseworthy; astonishment; being appalled
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to resound; to be heard far away; to reverberate; to shake; to come (home); to remain (with someone)
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
myself; yourself; I; me; you
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to recognize; to recognise; to deem; to judge; to approve; to deem acceptable; to admit
seeming to be; appearing to be; like; similar to; in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
older sister; lass; young lady
perhaps; probably; generous; many; much
meaning; significance; sense
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
facing; opposite; across the street; other side
to sit; to squat; to assume (a position); to hold steady; to hold still
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.