dwarf (esp. in folklore or fantasy literature)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
surroundings; environs; circumference
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to surround; to encircle; to besiege; to lay siege to; to play (go, shogi, etc.)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
level ground; plain; flatland
few; a little; scarce; insufficient; seldom
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to come off; to be removed; to disappear (of pain, a fever, etc.); to be caught; to be harvested; to be interpreted (as); to be taken (as)
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
large number (of); many; majority
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
technology; engineering; technique; skill; art; craft
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to join; to be put together; to combine; to unite; to fit; to close (e.g. of a wound)
foreign country; other country; another province; strange land; alien land
export; exportation; efferent
continent; continental Asia (esp. mainland China); continental Europe
northern part; the north (of a region)
demon; devil; evil spirit; -crazed person; -obsessed person; fiend
-ian (e.g. Italian); -ite (e.g. Tokyoite); -er (e.g. performer, etc.); person working with ...; man; person
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
queendom; country ruled by a queen
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to interrupt; to obstruct (a view, someone's way, etc.); to block (light, wind, etc.); to intercept; to cut off
form; shape; figure; visage
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
immediately; at once; soon; before long; easily; readily
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
race (of people); type of person
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
for better or worse; for good and bad; regardless of merit; both good and bad
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself