here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
gradually; by degrees; little by little; steps; stairs; staircase
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
under one's eyes; below one's eyes
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
race (of people); type of person
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
large number (of); many; majority
to gather; to collect; to assemble
while; even though; despite
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
residential area; quarter; neighbourhood; neighborhood
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
work; operation; manufacturing; fatigue duty
very young; little; childish; immature
young man; young woman; young people; young employee; young manservant; young follower
various; varied; diverse; all sorts of
people; men and women; each person; everybody
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
queendom; country ruled by a queen
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
most; highest; maximum; best; wonderful; finest
war potential; military strength; fighting power; ability (to compete); capabilities; valuable asset