father (esp. used in samurai families prior to the Meiji period)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
opposition; resistance; antagonism; reverse; opposite; inverse
race (of people); type of person
castle (in place names); castle; fortress
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
largish; biggish; a little bit larger
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
residence; estate; grounds; premises; mansion
degree; amount; grade; standard; of the order of (following a number); about
scale; scope; plan; structure
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
office (e.g. the Oval Office)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to resound; to be heard far away; to reverberate; to shake; to come (home); to remain (with someone)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to roughen (e.g. one's attitude); to raise (one's voice)
first; foremost; most important; best; greatest; above all
prince; subordinate Kumano shrine
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
height (of body); stature
front and rear; front and back; before and after; around; about; order; context
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
reasonably; fairly; hurriedly; in a rush; approximately; about
to be ready; to be prepared; to be in order; to be put in order; to be adjusted; to be regulated
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
usual; normal; everyday; usually; normally; generally
spirit; drive; vigour; ambition; aspiration
to chip; to be chipped; to be missing (from a set, team, etc.); to be absent; to be lacking (in); to be short (of)
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
(picture) frame; framed picture; amount (esp. of money); sum
retreat; falling back; recession; waning; backspace (key)
to collect; to gather; to save; to accumulate; to pile up
facial expression; countenance; look; appearance; expression (vocal, etc.)