indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
settlement; village; community; (bacterial) colony
neighborhood; vicinity; environs; approaching
dark; gloomy; depressed; dispirited; dark (in colour); dull; ill-boding
stronghold; inner citadel; base; headquarters
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
safety; security; safely; without incident; good health; inaction
to smash; to crush; to shut down; to put out of business; to wreck; to break; to butcher
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
third day of the month; three days
to pass (of time); to elapse
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
residence; estate; grounds; premises; mansion
living room (Western style); sitting room
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
chest; breast; breasts; bosom; heart; lungs; stomach
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to place on (something); to give (someone) a ride; to give a lift; to load (luggage); to carry; to send out (on the airwaves, etc.); to deceive
tender; kind; gentle; graceful; affectionate; amiable
to stroke; to caress; to brush gently; to comb (hair); to smooth down
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
lack of physical exercise; insufficient exercise; inactivity
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
atmosphere; mood; a certain air; presence; (Earth's) atmosphere
-ical; -ive; -like; -ish; (something) like; along the lines of
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
seeming to be; appearing to be; like; similar to; in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
fat; thick; deep (of a voice); thick; daring; shameless
fragment; scrap; cut end; cut-off piece; chip; odds and ends
jaw; chin; barb (of a fishhook)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
exactly; precisely; just; as if; as though; quite