indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
pretty; charming; lovely; adorable
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to line up; to stand in a line; to rival; to match; to equal
multicolored; multicoloured; of various colors; diverse; of all kinds; all manners of
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
those (near the second person)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to look at; to gaze at; to look out over; to get a view of; to look on (from the sidelines); to stand by and watch
while; during; while; although; all; both
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
contract; compact; agreement
formation; establishment; conclusion (e.g. of a deal); reaching (e.g. an agreement); being valid (of a theory, argument, etc.); holding
commodity; article of commerce; goods; stock; merchandise
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
matter; affair; counter for (received) emails, text messages, voicemail messages, etc.; counter for accounts (on a website, email service, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
to be worried; to be troubled
before one's eyes; in front of one; under one's nose; immediate; imminent; around the corner
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to tell; to inform; to announce; to indicate; to signal; to mark
various; varied; diverse; all sorts of
idea; plan; draft; rough copy; expectation; (arch.) desk
to write down; to make a note of; to put on record; to chronicle
to spread; to extend; to unfold; to open; to scatter about; to spread around
very interesting; of great interest
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
how it came about; how it originated; how it happened; the origins of the imbroglio
just (now); quite (near); unintentionally; subconsciously