to go upstream; to go back (in time, to origin); to date back to; to trace back to
fierce battle; hard-fought battle; hot contest; severe fight
alternation; change; relief; relay; shift; substitution (sports, etc.)
excitement; stimulation; agitation; arousal
Yamagata (city, prefecture); mountain shape; chevron; cone
reaching; attaining; arrival
to bite and tear; to bite a hole in
skewer; spit; skewering; impalement; running through (e.g. with spear)
time (three times, each time, etc.); times
objet d'art; item of artwork; object; curio
carefully made; carefully produced; quality product; product made with care
tough guy; wild one; fearless fighter
taking no notice of; paying no attention to
hazardous materials; dangerous goods; explosives; combustibles
cinnabar; vermillion; red pigment (and ink made from same); red text (as used to correct documents)
to trail (of smoke, clouds, etc.); to hang (of mist, haze, etc.); to lie (over); to linger; to flow (e.g. of hair in the wind)
to soar; to fly; to run; to dash
to cross over; to go across; to extend; to cover; to range
scaffold; scaffolding; foothold; footing; foothold (e.g. in business); foundation
meteor; shooting star; falling star
so; therefore; accordingly; consequently; on those grounds; that is why
excuse me for disturbing (interrupting) you; greeting used when entering someone's home
abundant; ample; plentiful; lustrous; glossy
lukewarm; tepid; half-hearted; vague; lenient; mild
one's social position; one's place; one's standing
right in the midst of; right at the height of
bill; bill of sale; tab (for later payment); credit; contact move (in go); direct attack to an enemy stone; sound effect produced by striking with clappers a wooden board in kabuki
directionality; directivity
to spout out; to spurt out; to sprout; to bud; to burst into laughter; to blow (smoke, etc.)
to invite; to ask (someone to do); to tempt; to lure; to induce (tears, laughter, sleepiness, etc.); to arouse (e.g. sympathy)
bulky; massive; thick; heavy
strength; intensity; strong (e.g. glasses); powerful (e.g. lens); intense (e.g. fear)
it's not over yet; you haven't seen anything yet; it's not over until the fat lady sings; it's too soon to tell; we're not out of the woods
ignition; detonation; triggering; explosion
revelation; manifestation; appearance; expression (e.g. in molecular biology; protein expression or gene expression)
bursting and scattering; popping and being dispersed
on the occasion of; at the time of
to scream; to whine; to grumble; to complain