indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
picture; drawing; painting; image (TV, film, etc.); picture; footage
to ill-treat; to bully; to torment; to be tough on (e.g. one's body); to treat harshly
cover (of a book, magazine, etc.); binding; appearing on the cover of a magazine
(your) daughter; young woman
villain; baddie; the villain's part
to have a reason; to have an excuse
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
direction; way; person; lady; method of; manner of; care of ...
particularly; especially; in particular; expressly
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
facial expression; countenance; look; appearance; expression (vocal, etc.)
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
to draw; to paint; to depict; to describe; to picture in one's mind; to imagine
happy; glad; pleased; joyful; delightful; gratifying
shadow; silhouette; reflection; image; ominous sign; light (stars, moon)
two persons; two people; pair; couple
to attach; to join; to furnish (a house with); to wear; to put on; to keep a diary; to make an entry
lovely; wonderful; nice; great; fantastic; superb
certainly; without fail; right and wrong; pros and cons
brightness; brilliance; brilliancy; radiance; glitter
to partition; to divide; to direct; to manage; to settle accounts; to assume a crouching posture (at the start of a bout)
pretty; lovely; clean; clear; completely; entirely
illustration; picture; sketch; drawing; figure