white heat; incandescence; becoming excited; getting heated (e.g. of a discussion); reaching a climax
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
soft; tender; gentle; mild; informal; light
to interrupt; to obstruct (a view, someone's way, etc.); to block (light, wind, etc.); to intercept; to cut off
urban areas; the streets; town; city
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to cover; to hide; to conceal; to wrap; to disguise
heavy fog; dense fog; thick fog
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
(Confucian) temple; church; sanctuary
to shine on; to illuminate; to compare (with); to refer to
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
serious; grave; dignified; solemn
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
thin; pale; light; watery; thin; weak (taste, etc.); little (affection, etc.) not much (of a presence)
to cover (with something); to put on (e.g. on someone else's head); to plate something (with a metal); to pour or dash a liquid (on something); to charge (a person with a guilt)
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
to burst open; to pop; to split
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
door; gate; opening; title page
to force open; to push open
to rush over; to run up to
old person; senior citizen; the aged; the elderly
sobbing; weeping; fit of crying
to let leak; to let out (e.g. light); to let out (a secret); to leak (information); to give utterance to (e.g. one's dissatisfaction); to vent; to wet one's pants
offering to a deity or somebody's spirit; tribute to a person who is about to depart
flowers; beautiful; spectacular
cruel; merciless; pitiless; tragic; horrible; terrible
reality; actuality; hard fact
to mask; to cover; to cloak; to hide; to conceal