this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
without (doing); instead of; if (it) isn't done; if (one) doesn't do ...; if not ...; unless ...
to catch up (with); to draw level; to pull even; to be compensated; to make up for one's losses
adds force or indicates command
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
indicates two contrasting actions; (arch.) indicates possessive (often found in place names and compound words)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather
interrupting a game; time out
arm; skill; efforts; ability
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to pull; to tug; to draw (attention, sympathy, etc.); to attract (e.g. interest); to draw back (e.g. one's hand); to draw in (one's chin, stomach, etc.); to draw (a card, mahjong tile, etc.)
scaffold; scaffolding; foothold; footing; foothold (e.g. in business); foundation
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
to run past from behind; to run through (e.g. gate, one's mind)
thin; slender; fine; unlucky
alley; alleyway; teahouse garden; path through a gate (or through a garden, etc.)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
in spite of; nevertheless; although; despite; no matter the; regardless of
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to reach; to touch; to be delivered; to arrive; to be attentive; to be scrupulous
slightly; lightly; thinly; faintly; dimly
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
dark; gloomy; depressed; dispirited; dark (in colour); dull; ill-boding
to take refuge in; to succeed in running away
two persons; two people; pair; couple
to refuse; to reject; to decline; to prevent (from doing); to deny (e.g. access); to block
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
complex; complicated; intricate; mixed (feelings)
defile; narrow path; bottleneck; impasse
formation; molding; making up; repair (e.g. plastic surgery); replacement; -plasty
familiarity with the land; locality or terrain (usually associated with knowing or feeling the locality)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
state of affairs (around you); situation; circumstances
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively
nice; likeable; desirable
at least; at most; (even) just
guidance; leadership; leading the way
person; character; one's character; one's personality; able person; talented person
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to desire; to wish for; to expect; to see; to command (a view of)