indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
that day; the very same day
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
royal capital; imperial capital
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
at leisure; in a relaxed manner; in a carefree manner; quietly; peacefully
bear (any mammal of family Ursidae)
loose; lenient; lax; gentle (curve, slope, etc.); slow; weak; soft
suffix for familiar person
good feeling; feeling good
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
sudden; abrupt; urgent; pressing; steep; sharp; rapid
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
please (give me); please (do for me)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to change into; to convert into; to transform; to be reduced; to influence; to improve (someone)
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
to shake; to jolt; to rock (cradle); to swing
brushing; blushing (blotchiness or milkiness in paint applied to a surface)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
number (in a series); (one's) turn; watch; guard; rank; standing; bout
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
while; during; while; although; all; both
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
elder sister; effeminate man
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way