royal capital; imperial capital
full length of one's arm (from shoulder to fingertip)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
coffee shop; tearoom; coffee lounge; coffeehouse; cafe
ranking; toplist (e.g. of WWW sites)
war; battle; match; game; competition
start; commencement; beginning; initiation
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
number one; first; best; most; game; round
inner part; inside; interior; depths (e.g. of a forest); back (of a house, drawer, etc.); bottom (e.g. of one's heart)
circle; entirety; whole; money; dough; enclosure inside a castle's walls; soft-shelled turtle
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to enclose; to surround; to shelter (e.g. a criminal); to shield; to keep (e.g. a mistress); to store (vegetables, fruit, etc.)
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to come down; to go down; to hang; to dangle; to move back; to step back; to deteriorate
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
stronghold; inner citadel; base; headquarters
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
cheap; inexpensive; calm; peaceful; quiet
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
honorific/polite/humble prefix
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like