indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
braid (hair, cord. etc.); plait
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
glasses; eyeglasses; spectacles; judgment; judgement; discrimination
inner part; inside; interior; depths (e.g. of a forest); back (of a house, drawer, etc.); bottom (e.g. of one's heart)
facial expression; countenance; look; appearance; expression (vocal, etc.)
to read and understand; to take in; to sense from external cues; to read (someone's) mind; to read (calibration, tape, etc.); to scan (bar code)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
air; atmosphere; mood; situation; someone with no presence; someone who doesn't stand out at all
to cut off; to cut up; to tear to pieces
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
to resound; to be heard far away; to reverberate; to shake; to come (home); to remain (with someone)
small; little; slight; below average (in degree, amount, etc.); low (e.g. sound); soft (e.g. voice)
to vomit; to throw up; to emit; to send forth; to give (an opinion); to make (a comment)
to fire (gun, arrow, questions, etc.); to shoot; to set free; to release; to emit (e.g. light); to give off (e.g. a scent)
look; glimpse; apparently; seemingly; (arch.) first meeting
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
easy; simple; ready; casual; off-hand; easy-going
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
orbit; trajectory; railroad track; (right) track; proper course
to draw; to paint; to depict; to describe; to picture in one's mind; to imagine
TASS (Russian News Agency)
tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber
(tree) trunk; (arrow) shaft; (tool) handle; backbone; base
to stick into; to pierce; to run into
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
space; air; midair; (from) memory; (by) heart
to dance (orig. a whirling dance); to flutter about; to revolve