senility; senile decay; infirmity (through age)
light; bright; bright (colour); cheerful; bright; bright (future, prospects, etc.); rosy
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
clapping hands; applause; clapping one's hands in prayer (at a shrine)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
with a start; in surprise; suddenly (realize, remember, etc.); all of a sudden; puffing (air); with a puff
to wake up; to awake; to perk up; to awaken (to the truth, etc.); to come to a realization; to come to one's senses
(afternoon) nap; sleeping during the day; siesta
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to rise; to get up; to stand up; to sit up
before one's eyes; in front of one; under one's nose; immediate; imminent; around the corner
white; blank (e.g. paper); uncolored; innocent; not guilty; (arch.) bright
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
to become confused (disconcerted, disorganized, disorganised); to be flustered; to panic; to hurry; to rush; to hasten
(in the) neighbourhood; neighborhood; around; about; for instance; say
to look around; to survey
white; innocence; innocent person; blank space; white stone; white dragon tile; skewered grilled pig intestine
having no choice but to ...; all one can do is ...; there's nothing to do except ...; having nothing but ...; there is only ...; having only ...
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
nothing but; except; no more than
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to surround; to encircle; to besiege; to lay siege to; to play (go, shogi, etc.)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
probably; likely; perhaps; a lot of; much; many
lifespan; life; lifetime; life (of a battery, lightbulb, etc.); service life; end of an object's (useful) life
illness (usu. excluding minor ailments, e.g. common cold); disease; bad habit; bad behaviour; crazy; insane
reason; cause; meaning; sense; (good) sense; reason
is not ... either; is (neither ...) nor ...; nor is it ...; does not ... either; (neither ...) nor ...; does not even ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
in accordance with; according to; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)