indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
rattling; clattering; trembling; shivering; whining; grumbling
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to shake; to sway; to waver
covered wagon; prairie schooner
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
opposite side; other side; over there; that way; the other party; the other person
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to sink; to go under; to go down (e.g. sun); to set; to feel depressed; to become subdued
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to look at; to gaze at; to look out over; to get a view of; to look on (from the sidelines); to stand by and watch
soon; shortly; before long; nearly; almost
evening glow; red sunset; afterglow (of sunset)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
red; crimson; Red; communist; (arch.) beautiful
to be dyed; to be tainted; to be infected; to be stained
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
when it becomes; when it comes to
highway (esp. one existing from the Edo period); main road; highway (e.g. to success); path (to becoming ...); subdistrict (in China)
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
legendary beast; magical beast
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
danger; peril; hazard; risk
limits; boundary; domain; area (e.g. in programming languages)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to live (of humans); to reside; to inhabit; to dwell; to abide
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
plot of land; lot; soil; locality; region; place
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
demon; devil; evil spirit; monster; goblin; apparition
to drop; to lose; to clean off (dirt, makeup, paint, etc.); to remove (e.g. stains or facial hair); to lose (a match); to reject (an applicant); to lower (e.g. shoulders or voice)
item; something that one "just has to have"
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o