indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
one day; all day (long); throughout the day; first day of the month
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
first (of all); firstly; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
elegant; graceful; refined; leisurely; comfortable; easy
special; particular; extraordinary; exceptional; especial
feeling; sensation; emotion; interjection
to overflow; to brim over; to flood
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
strongish; somewhat strong
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to make (tea, coffee, etc.); to brew a beverage (with hot water)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
direction; way; person; lady; method of; manner of; care of ...
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
antiquity; the previous era
living; life (one's daily existence); livelihood
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
luxury; extravagance; to live in luxury; to indulge oneself; lavish (use of something); abundant
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
people (of a country); nation; citizen; national
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
economy; economics; finance; (one's) finances; being economical; economy
public entertainment; performing arts; accomplishments; attainments
in the end; on top of that