indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
stuffed toy; stuffed animal; plush toy; soft toy; cuddly toy
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
two persons; two people; pair; couple
date (with someone); (social) outing (for two); date night; date (day)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
name; given name; first name
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
while; during; while; although; all; both
how; in what way; how about
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
cold (e.g. weather); uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull