indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
(physical) appearance (of a person); one's face and figure
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be blessed with; to be rich in; to abound in
pride; self-confidence; thinking highly of oneself; being proud of one's abilities or achievements
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
scholarly ability; scholarship; knowledge; literary ability
reasonably; fairly; hurriedly; in a rush; approximately; about
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
number one; first; best; most; game; round
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
popular person; favorite; favourite
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to (an extent); up to; doesn't amount to doing ...; not significant enough to require ...; even if ...
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
belonging to (a group, organization, etc.); affiliation (with); being attached to; being under the control of
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
to set off to advantage; to bring into prominence; to support; to favor; to rouse (spirits); to march (a prisoner) off
role; assignment; position (of responsibility); post; part (in a play, film, etc.); role
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
equality; impartiality; evenness
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to build; to construct; to erect; to amass (e.g. fortune); to pile up
senior high school; high school
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
good-looking guy; handsome man; hunk; Adonis; cool guy
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
moreover; furthermore; nevertheless; and yet
parent; parents; dealer (in cards, mahjong, etc.); banker; founder; inventor; (pet) owner
circumstances; condition; to arrange; to manage; to lend money; to raise money
from the standpoint of; as a matter of (e.g. fact); aboard (a ship or vehicle); on top of; first volume (e.g. book); superior quality; best
expressly; especially; taking the trouble (to do); intentionally; deliberately
condominium (usu. mid or high-rise); apartment building; apartment house; block of flats; apartment; flat
to borrow; to have a loan; to rent; to hire