indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to end; to come to an end; to finish; to complete; to finish doing; to be past its (one's) prime
garden; yard; courtyard; field (of action); area
(many) trees; every tree; all kinds of trees
to change color (of leaves in autumn); to turn red; to ripen (and change color); to become sexually aware; to reach puberty
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
one day; (on) a certain day
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
aim; object; expectations; prospects; something that can be relied upon; snack served with alcoholic drink; pad
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to reach; to touch; to be delivered; to arrive; to be attentive; to be scrupulous
(written) invitation; letter of invitation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to aim at (for, to do, to become); to try for; to have an eye on; to go toward; to head for
point; tip; head (of a line); front; first; before; (the way) ahead
royal capital; imperial capital
business; things to do; engagement; errand; affairs
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
like; as; so that; in order that; be sure to; I hope (that)
such ... as; or some such
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
upright; honest; faithful; conscientious; sincere
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
door; gate; opening; title page
knock; knocking; fungo hitting; hitting balls for fielding practice; tap; click (e.g. of a retractable pen or mechanical pencil)
after (practically) no time; immediately after; just; having no time to
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
furnished with; including; attached to; impression; appearance; luck; sociality