violent; furious; extreme; intense; fervent; vehement
rain; rainy day; rainy weather; the November suit (in hanafuda)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
sky; heaven; God; svarga (heaven-like realm visited as a stage of death and rebirth); deva (divine being of Buddhism); top (of a book); sole (of a Japanese sandal)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to throw violently against; to slam against; to strike; to thrust at someone (e.g. a letter)
force; vigor; influence; authority; impetus; momentum
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to fall (of rain, snow, ash, etc.); to come down; to form (of frost); to beam down (of sunlight or moonlight); to pour in; to visit (of luck, misfortune, etc.)
daytime; during the day; time from sunrise until sunset; diurnal period
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
dark; gloomy; depressed; dispirited; dark (in colour); dull; ill-boding
to be called ...; to be referred to as ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to ask after (someone's health); to visit; to attack; to strike; to meet with misfortune
quite; entirely; completely; as if; as though; just like
sumi; India ink; squid ink; octopus ink; carpenter's inking string
to paint over; to paint out; to fill in; to cover completely (with paint)
mess; sorry state; -ways; -wards; in the act of ...; just as one is ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
scenery; scene; landscape
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to spread (out); to extend; to stretch; to reach to; to get around; to fill (e.g. a space)
(many) trees; every tree; all kinds of trees
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
to melt; to thaw; to fuse; to dissolve
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
one large animal (horses, cattle, etc.); head (of cattle)
horse; horse racing; promoted bishop
racing noisily (in a car, motorcycle, etc.); roaring (e.g. down the street)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
one class; one set; a pair; a suite; a series
men and women; man and woman; both sexes; both genders
back; reverse; rear side; height; stature; ridge (of a mountain)
to place on (something); to give (someone) a ride; to give a lift; to load (luggage); to carry; to send out (on the airwaves, etc.); to deceive
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
deep; profound; dense; thick; close (relationship); intense; strong
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
certain; sure; doubtless; I have no doubt; You can depend on it; It's a safe bet
biggest; greatest; largest; maximum
crisis; critical situation; emergency; pinch
to go out to meet; to receive; to welcome; to accept (e.g. as a member of a group or family); to call for; to summon