ruby; ruby character; small hiragana or katakana readings of kanji usually above or to the side of the kanji (esp. used by printers and in ref. to printed material); Ruby (programming language)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to receive; to get; to accept; to take; to interpret; to understand
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
jewelry store; jewellery store
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to face; to go towards; to head towards
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
boasting; big talk; bombast; Australian English
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
more or less; though not quite satisfactorily; tentatively; for the time being; just in case; once
store; shop; establishment; restaurant
to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to open (for business, etc.); to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
quite; entirely; completely; as if; as though; just like
confidence; trust; faith; credit (finance)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
but then; although; though; reasonable; natural; just
management; administration; operation; running (business); conducting
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
rude person; villain; blackguard; scoundrel; rogue; libertine
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
accounting; finance; bill (at a restaurant); check; accountant; treasurer
book; volume; this; present; main; head
to take out; to carry out; to bring out from where it belongs; to mention something; to broach a topic; to bring up (a subject)
binding hand and foot; temporary feeling of paralysis; sleep paralysis; being tied down with money
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to reach the point that; to come to be that; to turn into
worry; concern; anxiety; care; help; aid
useless; futile; unnecessary; needless; not on business; unrelated
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
particularly; especially; in particular; expressly
it does not mean that ...; I don't mean that ...; it is not the case that...
perhaps; maybe; perchance; by some chance; by any chance
bumping of heads; running into; coming across; encountering