indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
lightning; thunder; god of thunder; god of lightning; anger; fit of anger
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
attack; assault; raid; criticism; censure; denunciation
samurai on horseback; (medieval) knight
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
black; black go stone; guilt; guilty person
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
royal capital; imperial capital
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
party; group; crew; company (of troops); corps; unit
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
number one; first; best; most; game; round
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
citizen; citizenry; city inhabitant; townspeople; bourgeoisie; middle class
Reinhard; Reinhardt; Reinhart
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to