bottom layer; undermost layer; lowest (societal) class; bottom (economic) stratum; lowest caste
company; corporation; workplace
(corporate) restructuring; downsizing; laying off people
reserves (esp. troops); reserve army; potential members of some group (e.g. the elderly); people at risk (e.g. of a medical condition); wannabees
business conditions; the market; good (economic) times; prosperity; liveliness; energy
to keep (a pet or other animal); to have; to own; to raise; to rear; to feed
ex-girlfriend; former girlfriend
charge; duty; person in charge; connection; linking
in person; personally; directly
naming; nominating; designating; calling on; asking for; requesting
to bear a grudge against; to resent; to blame; to curse; to feel bitter towards
to kindle; to build a fire; to instigate; to stir up; to incite
provocative; incendiary; inflammatory; suggestive; lascivious; risqué
right away; without delay; as soon as possible; very soon
to grab (someone) by the collar; to size (someone) by the lapels
violence; assault; rough (e.g. handling); reckless; rape; sexual assault
(committing, resorting to) an act of violence
hand-me-down; food offering to the gods; leftovers; trip from Kyoto to the provinces
amount necessary to fill a container (e.g. cupful, spoonful, etc.); drink (usu. alcoholic); full; one squid, octopus, crab, etc.; one boat; fully; to capacity
to receive favor (favour); to be much obliged to someone; to be indebted
charm; attractiveness; courtesy; ingratiating behaviour; entertainment; amusement
ghastly; gruesome; appalling; lurid
meddling; fumbling; fondling; playing around with something
to hold a grudge; to hold something against somebody
book; document; calligraphy (esp. Chinese); penmanship; handwriting; letter
contrived; false-sounding
to fold up; to fold into layers
one thin flat object; one sheet
hostility; animosity; enmity
competition; contest; rivalry; competition (between organisms or species)
to throw a punch at; to swing at; to strike out at; to raise a hand against
companion; follower; attendant; retinue
on a routine basis; regularly; habitually
be (that) as it may; having said that
pioneer; trailblazer; leader; groundbreaker; pathfinder; forerunner
disadvantageous; long (odds)