indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
physical education; PE; gym (class)
storehouse; warehouse; godown
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
sunlight; sunshine; sunbeams
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
reflection; reverberation; reflex; reflexes
vivid; bright; brilliant; skillful; skilful; adept
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
lover; sweetheart; boyfriend; girlfriend
any oriental variety of cherry tree descended from the Oshima cherry
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to pin down; to knock down; to push (and hold) somebody down (esp. with sexual connotations)
vaulting horse; vaulting box; box horse
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
coolness; calmness; composure; all right; fine; OK
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
just; right; pure; genuine; truth
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial