rest; break; recess; intermission
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to throw down; to throw out; to abandon; to resign; to give freely; to give generously
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
remnant; residue; remaining; left-over
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
counter for flat objects (e.g. sheets of paper); (arch.) counter for positions or roles; (arch.) counter for food portions (now only gyōza and soba); counter for ranking level
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
chair; stool; post; office; position
back; reverse; rear side; height; stature; ridge (of a mountain)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
slovenly (appearance, work, etc.); sloppy; untidy; weak; feeble; weak-willed
body; oneself; one's place; one's position; main part; meat (as opposed to bone, skin, etc.)
to leave (in someone's keeping); to put (in someone's care); to put (someone) in charge of; to leave (a matter) in someone's hands; to lean on; to put one's weight on
head (of a household, etc.); leader; owner; proprietor; subject (of a rumour, etc.); doer (of a deed); guardian spirit (e.g. long-resident beast, usu. with mystical powers)
to declare; to assert; to say bluntly; to say straight out
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
to finish; to end; to merely result in something less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to pass (of time); to elapse
now; the present time; just now; another; more
sophism; chop logic; far-fetched argument; quibble; cavil; argument for argument's sake
to knead; to mix with fingers; to quibble; to argue for argument's sake
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to stand up; to get up; to rise; to recover; to take action; to start; to make the initial charge
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
iron (Fe); strong and hard (as iron); railway; railway enthusiast
snake; serpent; large snake
seeming to be; appearing to be; like; similar to; in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that
right; right-hand side; afore-mentioned (esp. in vertical Japanese writing); foregoing; forgoing
flexible; lithe; soft; pliable