here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
nucleus; backbone; medium-level; mid-level; main body (of troops); crack troops
intended for ...; oriented towards ...; aimed at ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
model; type (e.g. of machine, goods, etc.); type; style; mold (mould); template; kata (standard form of a movement, posture, etc. in martial arts, sport, etc.)
before one's eyes; in front of one; under one's nose; immediate; imminent; around the corner
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to approach; to draw near; to be imminent; to press (someone for something); to urge; to compel
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
companion; fellow; group; company; member of the same category (family, class)
to protect (someone); to look after (e.g. an injured leg); to defend; to cover for; to stand up for; to stick up for
shield; buckler; escutcheon; pretext
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to catch; to stop the blow; to react to; to take (advice, etc.); to accept
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
demon; devil; evil spirit; monster; goblin; apparition
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
how; in what way; how about
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
mode of life; ecology; (animal) territory
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
still; even now; to this day
elucidation; explication; explaining; unravelling; clarification; understanding
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
breeding; multiplication; increase; propagation; reproduction