indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
to sleep; to die; to rest (in peace); to lie idle (e.g. of resources); to lie unused; (arch.) to close one's eyes
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
home delivery (of food); outside catering
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to wake up; to awake; to awaken to (instinct, ability, perception, etc.); to become aware of; to come to one's senses
to receive favor (favour); to be much obliged to someone; to be indebted
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
an honest man; a good citizen
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
to live; to get along; to spend (time)
field (for fruits, vegetables, etc.); cultivated land; field (of specialization); sphere; womb; birth
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
by all means; at any cost; whether (one is) willing or not; willingly or unwillingly; on no account; by no means
residence; estate; grounds; premises; mansion
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to furnish with; to equip with; to prepare for; to make preparations for; to possess (all that is needed); to be endowed with
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to commit a robbery; to burgle
guest; visitor; customer; client; counter for containers used to entertain guests
to refuse; to reject; to inform; to give notice; to ask leave; to excuse oneself (from)
to reach the point that; to come to be that; to turn into
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
wharf; bridge; jetty; pier
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
bell (often a large hanging bell); chime
to sound; to ring; to resound; to echo; to roar; to rumble