beginning of the year; new year; New Year's call; New Year's greetings
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
to tie; to bind; to bear (fruit); to close (e.g. deal); to confirm; to connect (two distant places); to close tightly
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
secret; private; surreptitious
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to have rumors going around (rumours); to have rumors spread
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
tightly (hold, squeeze, etc.); firmly; forcefully (e.g. push); hard
after many twists and turns; after much trouble
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
anxiety; uneasiness; worry; apprehension; fear; insecurity
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
(something) has never occurred; to have never done (something); such a thing has not happened; never happens; there is never a time when
kana; Japanese syllabary (i.e. hiragana, katakana)
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
front stage; center stage (of politics, etc.)
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless