cheap; rash; thoughtless; careless
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
May; fifth month of the lunar calendar
thorny shrub; wild rose; briar; thorn; cusp
state (of the US, Australia, India, Germany, etc.); province (e.g. of Canada); continent; province (of Japan); province (of ancient China); prefecture
district; county; district (of 2-20 50-home neighbourhoods or townships, in the ritsuryō period); commandery (in China)
something; something or other; so-and-so; somehow (handling, dealing with something); anyhow; one way or another
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
evasion; avoidance; recusal (of a judge)
chapter; section; medal; badge; insignia
gaining total control (of people or counties); suppression; oppression; control; mastery; ascendancy
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
south wind tile; winning hand with a pung (or kong) of south wind tiles
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
start; commencement; beginning; initiation
mouth; opening; hole; mouth (of a bottle); spout; gate; door
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
lye water (for making Chinese noodles)
Yangtze River (China); Changjiang River; long river
going upstream; swimming upstream
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
stronghold; inner citadel; base; headquarters
to aim at (for, to do, to become); to try for; to have an eye on; to go toward; to head for
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
military force; force of arms; strength of an army
approximately; about; promise; appointment; shortening; reduction
furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more
to tie; to bind; to bear (fruit); to close (e.g. deal); to confirm; to connect (two distant places); to close tightly
imperial mausoleum; Emperor's tomb; big hill