to wake up; to sober up; to come to one's senses; to become enlightened
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
palace; tonic (of the Japanese and Chinese pentatonic scale); ancient Chinese punishment (castration for men, or confinement for women); zodiacal sign
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
flashiness; showiness; brilliance; bloom; flowers
cruel; heartless; violent; intense; very bad; terrible
to be surprised; to be astonished
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
ball of dried, ground, fermented dyer's knotweed leaves
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
talk; recital; narration; topic
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
consent; assent; agreement; understanding; comprehension; grasp
third day of the month; three days
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to sleep; to die; to rest (in peace); to lie idle (e.g. of resources); to lie unused; (arch.) to close one's eyes
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
safety; security; safely; without incident; good health; inaction
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
had better ...; had better not ...
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
kun (one of the trigrams of the I Ching: earth, southwest)
to compose (a Japanese poem); to write; to use as the theme of a poem; to recite (e.g. a poem); to chant; to intone
to go smoothly; to turn out well; to do the trick; to have peaceful relations
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
ogre; demon; spirit of a deceased person; ogre-like person (i.e. fierce, relentless, merciless, etc.); it (in a game of tag, hide-and-seek, etc.); Chinese "ghost" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); very
soul; spirit; departed soul; ghost
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
sense; sensation; feeling; intuition
even; for starters; so; therefore; judging from; based on
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)