indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to wrap up; to pack; to cover; to envelop; to conceal (a feeling); to hide
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
memory; recollection; remembrance; storage
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that way; that direction; there; that (one); you; your family
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
magical powers; supernatural powers; spell; charm
zero; 0; nought; nothing; zilch
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to throw away; to cast away; to abandon; to desert; to give up; to resign
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
summons; summonsing; citation; subpoena; arraigning; calling
to begin; to set about; to start
(made of) stone; stone-built
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
summoning circle; magic circle (esp. in fictional settings); magic square
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
pattern; figure; state; condition; conjecture of the current situation; the way it seems; model
to draw; to paint; to depict; to describe; to picture in one's mind; to imagine
floor; stage (for the narrator and the shamisen player); dining platform built across a river
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
several people; a few people
look!; look out!; hey!; look at me!; there you are!
slowly; tardily; complaining; grumbling; unsettled (e.g. weather); loose
central; main; just (done); freshly (baked); counter for consecutive losses
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
cold (to the touch); chilly; icy; (emotionally) cold; coldhearted; unfeeling
to sit down (and refuse to move); to sit-in (in protest)