indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be erected; to be built
terraced house; terrace house; row house; (detached) house with a terrace
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
to sink; to go under; to go down (e.g. sun); to set; to feel depressed; to become subdued
light; illumination; glow; lamp; light
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to leak out; to escape; to find expression; to give vent; to leak out; to be divulged
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
familiar (spirit or otherwise magical creature which aids a magician or sorcerer); familiar spirit
to live; to get along; to spend (time)
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
living room (Western style); sitting room
calendar; calender (machine for flattening things)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
abruptly; suddenly; all of a sudden; without warning
to raise one's voice; to shout; to yell; to speak up (e.g. in protest); to speak one's mind
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
to stand up; to get up; to rise; to recover; to take action; to start; to make the initial charge
to raise one's face; to lift one's head; to raise one's eyes
what's the matter?; what's wrong?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
October; tenth month of the lunar calendar
thirty-first day of the month; thirty-one days
isn't it?; don't you think?; right?; surely; come on
in that way; thus; so; so?
to deliver; to forward; to send; to report; to notify; to file notice (to the authorities)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...